BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

 These are the important block diagram for my project.

 Figure 1:Block diagram system level 

In figure 1 shows the entire flow for this project. Starting with the solar panel, which provides energy to charge the rechargeable battery. Then it connects to a charge controller, to regulate the voltage coming from the solar panel to the battery. This is so that the battery would not over charge, which may damage or shorten the rechargeable battery. Next, the 12 volt battery becomes power supply to all of the electrical loads. These loads are the LDR lighting, robotic arm, battery indicator, wireless camera and remote control car. All of these loads are uses 12Volt battery to power them. Except for the robotic are circuit which uses 5 volts only. The 12 volt will damage the circuit. Therefore a step down regulator is connected between the 12 volt battery and the robotic arm circuit.

 

 

Figure 2: Block Diagram LDR Lighting Level

Figure 2 shows the block diagram for LDR lighting level. Light act as an input which trigger the LDR sensor. If the light is very bright, it will have maximum resistance, about 1MΩ. While in total darkness, it will have minimum resistance, about 100Ω. These resistances will affect the current. If high resistances, the current is low or no current at all. But if low resistance, the current is high or there it current flow. The current will activate the relay. The relay will acts as a switch. If there current the LCD will turn on. But if there is no current the LCD remains off.

 

Figure 3: Block Diagram Robotic Arm Level 

Figure 3 show the block diagram for robotic arm level. The 10 limit switches acts as inputs and the three motors are output. The PIC16F877A acts as the brain for thr robotic arm.

In PIC16F877A, there are 7 pins that should connect correctly. Likes others electronic component, the supply pin is the most important. The ideal voltage for PIC16F877A is 5V (Direct Current). It should not be higher than 5.5V because it going to blow up. It also should not be less than 2V because it not going to be operates. 4 pins is already connected which is 2 pins for 5V and 2 pin for ground (negative). It 3 more pins left.

The other important pin is Reset pin (MCLR - Master Clear Reset at Pin number 1). If PIC read 0V at MCLR pin, it will reset the program, so if the MCLR pin does not connect with 5V, PIC will remain reset and your program will not execute. Therefore it needs reset function. To make a reset function, a logic condition which is 1 and 0 to the reset pin is needed. 1 is means that the reset pin get 5V. If the reset pin logic is 1, then the program in your PIC will execute, but if the reset pin logic condition is 0 (which is 0V) then your PIC will not execute the program.

The final 2 pins left which are pin number 13 and 14. Those pin was named as OSC1 and OSC2. The crystal osillator from various frequency is connected. Pulse generated from the oscillator will some time have the noise. To reduce the noise, two capacitors in piko farad value is needed. The value of capacitor is depend on the speed of oscillator.

 

 

Figure 4: Block Diagram Battery Indicator Level 

Figure 4 show the block diagram for battery indicator level. The 12 volt battery is the input and the 10 LED’s are the output. The LM3914 IC is the brain which commands the output base on the input

 

Figure 5: Block Diagram Step Down Regulator Level

Figure 5 show the block diagram for Step Down Regulator Level. It regulate the input 12volt and makes the output 5 volt by the LM7805. The LM7805 is a linear voltage regulator that produces a relatively constant output voltage of +5VDC. There is an input pin, which must generally be greater than +7VDC, a ground pin, and an output pin. If the ground pin is connected to a resistor divider network between output and ground, it can be made adjustable for an output voltage greater the +5VDC.